https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43746 Wed 28 Sep 2022 10:57:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54997 Wed 27 Mar 2024 16:38:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23274 Wed 11 Apr 2018 12:49:49 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52548 Wed 07 Feb 2024 15:21:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36187 Tue 25 Feb 2020 13:22:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36388 Thu 28 Oct 2021 12:35:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:410 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:09:51 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:3476 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:20:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23878 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33359 n = 427 kraal months) where lions (Panthera leo) frequently kill cattle. Monthly kraal use was 60% and was significantly influenced by kraal type, age, and shape. When used and maintained, kraals stopped livestock depredation. Due to poor maintenance, however, kraal age had a significant, negative influence on kraal use and effectiveness, compromising sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Fortified kraals built by a non-governmental organisation cost US$1322.36 per unit (n = 20) and mitigated a mean annual loss of $187.32. This suggests cost-recuperation after 7.0 years, or 2.3 times longer than observed kraal lifetime. Conversely, owner-built replicates cost $579.90 per unit (n = 4), recuperating investment after 3.1 years. Owner satisfaction was significantly higher for fortified kraals when compared with traditional kraals. However, owners of fortified kraals did not kraal their cattle more frequently than owners of traditional kraals. Regionally, the mean annual kraaling rate for 29 GPS-monitored cattle herds (n = 3360 nights) was 40%, leaving cattle vulnerable to depredation, and highlighting the importance of promoting vigilant herding together with kraaling to prevent losses. This combination could reduce regional livestock losses by 80%, or >$38,000 annually, however, kraal fortification alone does not provide a blanket solution to carnivore conflicts in Africa's agro-pastoral landscapes.]]> Mon 22 Feb 2021 16:11:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52525 Mon 16 Oct 2023 10:45:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53133 Fri 17 Nov 2023 11:23:28 AEDT ]]>